The supply chain starts in Colombia's production zones. Much of the cocaine crosses the long, porous land border into Venezuela through Zulia, Tachira, Apure and Amazonas. Once inside the country, loads move toward coastal departure points by river, road and air.

Nodes: Zulia - Tachira - Apure - Amazonas

Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao sit just off the Venezuelan coast and serve as a key stopover for shipments dispatched from Falcon state. From the islands, go-fast and fishing boats move smaller loads north through the Caribbean, or shipments cross the Atlantic to Europe aboard container ships and private yachts.

Nodes: Falcon coast - Aruba - Curacao - Bonaire

Trinidad and Tobago lies just a few miles off Venezuela's eastern coast. Small boats shuttle drugs from Sucre and Delta Amacuro to the islands, where local networks move loads into storage. Shipments then hop north through the Lesser Antilles toward the United States, or leave directly for Europe aboard cargo ships and yachts.

Nodes: Sucre (Paria peninsula) - Delta Amacuro - Trinidad - Tobago

Traffickers offload on the Dominican Republic's long, lightly policed southern coast, an ideal staging area close to South America. Drugs move inland to major ports like Santo Domingo and Caucedo, where they are concealed in shipping containers bound for Europe or North America. The porous border with Haiti offers another way in along roads and footpaths.

Nodes: Dominican south coast - Santo Domingo and Caucedo ports

Venezuela's commercial ports - Puerto Cabello and La Guaira among them - feed cocaine into legitimate container flows, a modality documented in U.S. indictments against the network. These loads sail directly toward Europe and North America without island stopovers.

Nodes: Puerto Cabello - La Guaira

Light aircraft lift off from improvised airstrips in the Apure and Barinas llanos, flying toward Central America and the Caribbean. This is the same clandestine airstrip network documented in this dossier's operations section.

Nodes: Apure and Barinas airstrips - Central America

U.S. military strikes beginning in September 2025 disrupted the corridors to the ABC islands and Trinidad. Evidence suggests networks shifted east - through Guyana and Suriname toward the Atlantic, and south into Brazil - rerouting the flow rather than stopping it.

Nodes: Guyana (Georgetown) - Suriname (Paramaribo) - Roraima (Brazil)